What are the conversion factors for the common major air pollutants?īelow is a table with the conversion factors and the molecular weights of the major air pollutants found to be the most damaging to human health and to the environment based on the formulas above at 25☌ and 1 atm (standard atmospheric pressure): Air PollutantĪn exception to the conversion process is the air pollutant particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5), as it consists of various tiny solid and liquid particles. The same equations above can be used for conversion between mg/m 3 (milligrams per cubic metre) and ppm (parts per million) as well. The number 24.45 in the equation is the volume (litres) of a mole (gram molecular weight) of a gas when the temperature is at 25☌ and the pressure is at 1 atmosphere (1 atm = 1.01325 bar). The formula for conversion between µg/m 3 (micrograms per cubic metre) and ppb (parts per billion) are as follows:Ĭoncentration (µg/m 3 ) = molecular weight x concentration (ppb) ÷ 24.45Ĭoncentration (ppb) = 24.45 x concentration (µg/m 3 ) ÷ molecular weight
#How to calculate ppm concentration how to
How to convert between µg/m 3 – ppb and mg/m 3 – ppm A temperature of 25 degrees Celsius and pressure of 1 atmosphere are what is normally assumed for the conversion factor. It is intended for use by public health units, health care facilities, child care centres, swimming pool operators, and the general public (e.g., for disinfection of wells. This is based on the molecular weight of the chemical, which is different between pollutants, and the atmospheric temperature and pressure. This easy-to-use calculator tells you how much bleach product to dilute with water to get your desired concentration (ppm) of chlorine solution. However, these concentrations can also be expressed as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) by volume through a conversion factor. Thus, mg/m 3 represents milligrams (one-thousandth of a gram) per cubic metre of air, while µg/m 3 stands for micrograms (one-millionth of a gram) per cubic metre of air. What does mg/m 3, µg/m 3, ppm, and ppb stand for?Ĭhemical concentrations in the air are typically measured in the mass units of the substance (milligrams, micrograms, nanograms, picograms) per volume of air (cubic metre or cubic feet). But what do these measurement units stand for, exactly? And how can one be converted to the others? Let’s find out. These are used in air quality thresholds and air quality indexes to help provide a baseline for what constitutes as clean air and for people to understand the acceptable level of pollutants in the air they breathe. Please note that the final volume refers to the total solution volume, which is the combined volume of the stock solution and the volume of solvent/diluent used for dilution.When it comes to determining the concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere, the units of measurement one would typically see are either mg/m 3, µg/m 3, ppm, or ppb. Ppm is used to measure chemical concentration, usually in a solution of water. This is the volume that results after the volume from the stock solution ( V 1) has been diluted with solvent or diluent to achieve a total diluted volume of the final solution ( V 2). PPM ( Parts Per Million ) chemistry Calculator to calculate chemical concentration of water.PPM ( Parts per million ) is a value that represents the part of a whole number in units of 1/1000000. Final Solution Volume (V 2) is the final volume of the diluted solution.Final Diluted Solution Concentration (C 2) is the concentration of the final diluted solution.
Volume from Stock Solution (V 1) is the volume to be removed (i.e., aliquoted) from the concentrated stock solution.Stock Solution Concentration (C 1) is the concentration of the stock solution.Dilution factor may also be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of stock solution ( C 1) to the concentration of the final diluted solution ( C 2). It may be expressed as the ratio of the volume of the final diluted solution ( V 2) to the initial volume removed from the stock solution ( V 1), as shown in the equation above.